Animal and human research studies show that a second blow before the brain has recovered can result in serious damage to the brain. If your athlete suffers another concussion before completely recovering from the first one, this can lead to prolonged recovery (weeks to months), or even to severe brain swelling (Second Impact Syndrome) with devastating consequences. There is an increasing concern that head impact exposure and recurrent concussions may contribute to long-term neurological problems. One goal of concussion education is to prevent a too early return to play so that serious brain damage can be prevented.
Signs observed by teammates, parents and coaches include:
Looks dizzy Looks spaced out Confused about plays Forgets plays Is unsure of game, score, or opponent Moves clumsily or awkwardly Answers questions slowly
Slurred speech Shows a change in personality or way of acting Can't recall events before or after the injury Seizures or "has a fit" Any change in typical behavior or personality Passes out
Symptoms may include one or more of the following:
Nausea or throws up Neck pain Has trouble standing or walking Blurred, double, or fuzzy vision Bothered by light or noise Feeling sluggish or slowed down Feeling foggy or groggy Drowsiness Change in sleep patterns
Loss of memory "Don't feel right" Tired or low energy Sadness Nervousness or feeling on edge Irritability More emotional
Concentration or memory problems Repeating the same question/comment
What is Return to Learn?
Following a concussion, students may have difficulties with short- and long-term memory, concentration and organization. They will require rest while recovering from injury (e.g., avoid or limit reading, texting, video games, loud movies), or may even need to limit school attendance for a few days. As they return to school, the schedule might need to start with a few classes or a half-day. If recovery from a concussion is taking longer than expected, they may also benefit from a reduced class schedule and/or limited homework; a formal school assessment may also be necessary. Your school or physician can help suggest and make these changes. Students should complete the Return to Learn guidelines and return to complete school before beginning Return to Play, unless your physician makes other recommendations. Go to the CIF website (cifstate.org for more information on Return to Learn.
How is Return to Play (RTP) determined?
Concussion symptoms should be completely gone before returning to competition. A RTP progression is a gradual, step-wise increase in physical effort, sports-specific activities and then finally unrestricted activities. If symptoms occur with activity, the progression should be stopped. If there are no symptoms the next day, exercise can be restarted at the previous stage.
RTP after concussion should occur only with medical clearance from a physician trained in the evaluation and management of concussions, and a step-wise progression program monitored by an athletic trainer, coach, or other